Django 有着强大而又及其易用的admin后台,在这里,你可以轻松实现复杂代码实现的功能,如搜索,筛选,分页,题目可编辑,多选框.
简单到,一行代码就可以实现一个功能,而且模块之间耦合得相当完美.
不信,一起来看看吧!?用Django实现管理书籍的系统,并能在前台界面对书籍进行增删查改,筛选,分页,以及批量查询修改功能.
准备工作
#准备好你的数据库模型思维导图

0.新建一个Django项目,起名为books,并且同时新建一个应用book11

1.首先要设置models模块,根据思维导图,我们知道需要定义3张表,分别是Book,Author,Publisher.
1.1然而,django 强大的地方在于,你无需在数据库开辟一张表,ORM的模型,让你只需要关注你要操作的对象.这里用类对象,来替代表,从而使得定义一张数据表Book,就只需要简单的创建Book类对象,即可
class Author(models.Model):
first_name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
last_name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
email=models.EmailField()
def __unicode__(self):
return "%s--%s"%(self.first_name,self.last_name)
class Publisher(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=64,unique=True)
address=models.CharField(max_length=64,unique=True)
city=models.CharField(max_length=32)
state_province=models.CharField(max_length=32)
country=models.CharField(max_length=32)
website=models.URLField()
def __unicode__(self):
return "%s"%(self.name)
STATUS_CHOICES=(
('checkout',u'已出版'),
('dai',u'待出版'),
('status',u'审核中'),
)
class Book(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=64)
authors=models.ManyToManyField(Author)
publisher=models.ForeignKey(Publisher)
publisher_date=models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
publisher_state=models.CharField(max_length=20,choices=STATUS_CHOICES,default='checkout')
def __unicode__(self):
return "%s--%s"%(self.name,self.publisher_date)
完整的代码:

1.2然后,创建完models后,一定要创建映射文件,并且映射到数据库,否则数据库是不存在的
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
2.调试shell的models模块,使用对象操作增删查改
python manage.py shell
from book11.models import Publisher
p=Publisher.objects.get(id=1)
p.city='changsha'
p.save()
前后对比,操作数据库字段就像操作对象一样简单!这便是ORM的优势


3.增加一个admin用户
G:\git\web\books>python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'huan5'): admin
Email address: admin@qq.com
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.
4.编辑admin.py
4.1将models导入,并且注册网站的Author,Publisher,Boos模块
from book11 import models
admin.site.register(models.Author)
admin.site.register(models.Publisher)
admin.site.register(models.Book)
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8086
http://127.0.0.1:8086

书名已经成功显示出来
4.2配置一些扩展功能
from book11 import models
class Bookadmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display=('id','name','publisher','publisher_date','publisher_state')
search_fields=('name',)
list_filter=('publisher','publisher_date',)
list_per_page=5
list_editable=('name','publisher_state',)
list_select_related=('publisher',)
filter_horizontal=('authors',)
raw_id_fields=('publisher',)
actions=['set_publisher_checkout','set_publisher_dai','set_publisher_status','set_publisher_del',]
admin.site.register(models.Author,Authoradmin)
admin.site.register(models.Publisher,Publisheradmin)
admin.site.register(models.Book,Bookadmin)


class Authoradmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display=('first_name','last_name','email')

class Publisheradmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('name','address','country',)

4.3为了批量操作,我们给他增加了actions,定义如下
def set_publisher_checkout(modeladmin,request,queryset):
selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).update(publisher_state='checkout')
def set_publisher_dai(modeladmin,request,queryset):
selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).update(publisher_state='dai')
def set_publisher_status(modeladmin,request,queryset):
selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).update(publisher_state='status')
def set_publisher_del(modeladmin,request,queryset):
selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).delete()
set_publisher_checkout.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--已出版"
set_publisher_status.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--审核中"
set_publisher_dai.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--待出版"
set_publisher_del.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--删除"
效果图

调试成功
附上admin.py的全部代码,方便调试不成功的小伙伴
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.contrib import admin
from book11 import models
class Bookadmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display=('id','name','publisher','publisher_date','publisher_state')
search_fields=('name',)
list_filter=('publisher','publisher_date',)
list_per_page=5
list_editable=('name','publisher_state',)
list_select_related=('publisher',)
filter_horizontal=('authors',)
raw_id_fields=('publisher',)
actions=['set_publisher_checkout','set_publisher_dai','set_publisher_status','set_publisher_del',]
def set_publisher_checkout(modeladmin,request,queryset):
selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).update(publisher_state='checkout')
def set_publisher_dai(modeladmin,request,queryset):
selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).update(publisher_state='dai')
def set_publisher_status(modeladmin,request,queryset):
selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).update(publisher_state='status')
def set_publisher_del(modeladmin,request,queryset):
selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).delete()
set_publisher_checkout.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--已出版"
set_publisher_status.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--审核中"
set_publisher_dai.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--待出版"
set_publisher_del.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--删除"
class Authoradmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display=('first_name','last_name','email')
class Publisheradmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('name','address','country',)
admin.site.register(models.Author,Authoradmin)
admin.site.register(models.Publisher,Publisheradmin)
admin.site.register(models.Book,Bookadmin)
不禁感叹再也没有比django更加简单好用,容易操作的后台了.
谢谢观赏
powered by xiazai @ 2017-7-22
不错,学习了,非常棒
厉害厉害.跟着教程,像我这种菜鸟居然也调试出来了.
楼主有没有源码啊